Choline is a semi-essential nutrient with a recommended adequate intake (AI) from the Institute of Medicine of 425mg/550mg per day (for females/males, respectively). Many people fail to obtain adequate amounts of choline, and endogenous synthesis (from phosphatidylethanolamine) is limited. Aging, genetic polymorphisms and estrogen deficiency may increase the demand for choline even above the AI. Glycerophosphocholine (GPC, also known as L-alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine or choline alfoscerate) is a naturally occurring source of choline contained in small amounts in various foods (including mother’s milk) and in all human cells. GPC is a watersoluble molecule and has been proven to be a more clinically effective source of choline compared to choline or phosphatidylcholine (PC) from diet or supplements. Oral GPC is well absorbed and is cleaved inside enterocytes into glycerol-1-phosphate and choline. Following GPC ingestion, the plasma level of choline rises rapidly and remains elevated for up to ten hours. A high plasma concentration gradient of choline stimulates its transport through the blood brain barrier with high eciency. This increases choline reserves inside neurons, where it is used for synthesis of PC and acetylcholine.
RESEARCH HAS DEMONSTRATED THE FOLLOWING POTENTIAL EFFECTS OF GPC:
Brain Function
• Helps support memory, mental focus and reaction time in elderly and young individuals
• Boosts acetylcholine (ACh) production and release from neurons and likely other cells
• May compensate for ACh decline due to aging, estrogen deficiency (menopause, possibly also with oral contraceptive use)
• Supports healthy EEG patterns20
• Supports normal production of dopamine, serotonin and GABA
• Supports mitochondrial function during ischemia/oxidative stress
• Plays a role in the prevention or slowing of age-dependent reduction in number of brain cells and ACh receptors
Muscle Function and Growth Hormone Metabolism
• Supports natural growth hormone production in the young and elderly
• Supports optimal fat oxidation, muscle strength and reaction time
Brain Health
• Supports the natural recovery process of the brain, which may be beneficial after stroke, cranial injury and anesthesia (pre- and post-surgery)
• Supports blood brain barrier tissue health, which can be damaged by hypertension
• Helps support healthy cognition and social behavior in Alzheimer’s disease, vascular/age-related dementia and Parkinson’s disease
• May play a role in the reduction of brain volume shrinkage
• May be beneficial for conditions requiring a healthy natural myelin repair process, and Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Recommended Dose: Adults: Take 2 ml per day, or as directed by your health care practitioner.
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